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Measurement of work functions and surface potentials
The new PM Control® made by S.I.S. extends the universal AFM-controller SCANControl® C by the SSPM Mode. This mode enables the local investigation of electronic properties of conducting and insulating surfaces. This non contact method characterizes work function, surface potential, and charge distribution. Using the PM Control® you can do SSPM measurements – similar to the well known Kelvin Probe technique – with your AFM/SPM, i.e. the S.I.S. ULTRAObjective®. Now you can measure topography and simultaneously analyze the properties of electronic devices, dopant concentration, conducting polymers or insulators with nanometer resolution.
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Studying dopant concentration
Dopant concentration in a semiconducting material
Top: Topography, bottom: SSPM channel, Image size is 15 µm by 3 µm.

The images show the cross section of a doped semiconductive material (GaN). The wafer was cleaved and the measurement was done on the break edge of the wafer. The scanning surface potential mode provides a clear contrast of the P-GaN doped layer and the N-GaN

The PM Control® is available as an upgrade for all SURFACE IMAGING SYSTEMS' instruments including the SCANControl® C (i.e. ULTRAObjective®, NANOStation® II, etc.).

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SSPM mode ...